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The French engineer Charles Joseph Minard also used pie charts, in 1858. According to the historian Hugh Small, "she may have been the first to use for persuading people of the need for change." Nightingale's polar area diagram, : 107 or occasionally the Nightingale rose diagram, equivalent to a modern circular histogram, to illustrate seasonal sources of patient mortality in the military field hospital she managed, was published in Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army and sent to Queen Victoria in 1858. She was later assumed to have created it due to the obscurity and lack of practicality of Playfair's creation. The graph, then, resembled a cock's comb. Indeed, Nightingale reconfigured the pie chart making the length of the wedges variable instead of their width. įlorence Nightingale may not have invented the pie chart, but she adapted it to make it more readable, which fostered its wide use, still today. Playfair thought that pie charts were in need of a third dimension to add additional information. This invention was not widely used at first. One of those charts depicted the proportions of the Turkish Empire located in Asia, Europe and Africa before 1789.
Tsuru rose diagram series#
Playfair presented an illustration, which contained a series of pie charts. The earliest known pie chart is generally credited to William Playfair's Statistical Breviary of 1801, in which two such graphs are used. 2.5 Ring chart, sunburst chart, and multilevel pie chart.2.1 3D pie chart and perspective pie cake.